Understanding Veratrum album

Dr. Claudio C. Araujo M.D., FFHom. (Lon.) et al.

Insanity runs through this remedy. Its presence is strong perceived in every single symptom. There is not a single mental expression that don’t denote Veratrum’s inclination to madness. His madness is violent, physical, with outbursts of religiosity and uncontrollable sexual passion. 

But apart from this consideration, we must understand how Veratrum alb. perceives reality around him. Kent assumes that insanity becomes incurable when it is already far developed and impossible to be made corrected. 

Kent: “A few such remedies would empty our insane asylums, especially of recent cases. Insanity is curable if there are no incurable results of disease. Insane people are not hopeless, those approaching insanity are but after they become insane, they think that everybody is crazy except themselves. Those bowed down by great grief and despair are likely to go into a state of violent mania. Veratrum carries them through the state of despair”. According to Kent, we could cure insanity if the patient is helped during his very initial steps.

How could we be able to perceive Veratrum’s insanity picture in its very beginning?

From that point on, our hypothesis is that –being at the level it will be shown to the doctor – who are the Veratrum album patients moving toward madness?

That madness has a starting point: Veratrum’s own perception of reality and of himself:

Anxiety as from a bad conscience, as if he had committed a crime. 

Anxiety as after committing an evil deed, < evening and after dinner.

Sleeplessness; face distorted; cries; prays, says it is a secret and a misfortune; refuses to talk, only motions with hands; turns hands around in a circle, saying she must strengthen herself, and then motions become more violent; complains of dust in throat; imagines herself in heaven talking with God. θ Mania. 

Despair of her salvation; with suppressed catamenia. 

Kent: Fear and the effects of fear; fear of death and of being damned.

Veratrum feels as if he had committed a sin, an “evil deed”. It’s a secret and a misfortune. It is something not to be told to anyone, only to God. She is mow in Heaven, talking to God. She probably didn’t get His forgiveness, because from now on Veratrum will suffer from the fear of damnation. It is not a fear, it’s a certitude.

Anxiety as if he dreaded a misfortune, as if some evil were impending, 

She is inconsolable over a fancied misfortune, runs about the room howling and screaming, looking upon the ground, or sits brooding in the corner, wailing and weeping in an inconsolable manner; worse in the evening; sleeps only till 2 o'clock,

Veratrum is sad, in despair, filled with a painful anxiety. She knows that she has been condemned and that she will suffer the consequences of her mistakes.

Anxiety causing crawling in the fingers,

Extreme anxiety taking away the breath. 

Extreme anxiety in the evening and after dinner, so that he did not know whither (to were) he should turn, 

He is utterly unable to rise for eight hours, is obliged to either sit or lie; if he stands, he is tormented by the most frightful anxiety, wherewith the forehead becomes covered with cold sweat, and he becomes sick even to vomiting.

Depression of spirits, despondency and discouragement, with involuntary weeping and running of tears from the eyes, and inclination to hang the head, 

The proving, altogether with  Veratrum clinical cases, shows that he has before him  two different possibilities, as he feels himself damned: The first one, after his acceptance of his sin and his guilty, to becoming someone that will use his life to expiate his mistakes and failures, but with few or no hope of salvation. Tormented by his guilty and his sensation of being a sinner, he may become a preacher.

Slight delirium; coldness over whole body, open eyes, with cheerful, sometimes laughing expression; prattles about religious subjects and about vows to be performed, prays, believes that he is not in his own house. 

Exhorts to repent, preaches, howls, sings obscene songs, exposes the person. 

Talks much on religious subjects; praying; is overconscientious. 

Despair of her salvation; with suppressed catamenia. 

That state will be followed by its increase through despair, hopelessness, and anguish.

Cold sweat on forehead, with anguish and fear of death. 

Despair; hopelessness, loss of courage.

Despair of his recovery; attempts suicide. θ Mania. 

But now we’ve got Veratrum’s second path. If in the first one he had devoted his life to pray and repent, turning his daily living into an over conscious way of living, now the other possibility just goes to the opposite. In this other way, Veratrum chose facing God and defiantly assumes his own faults, his own mistakes. He self-entitles him a prince. Or is he the Prince?

He imagines that he is a prince and behaves in a very haughty manner],. 

Thinks himself distinguished; squanders his money; proud of his position. 

(…) mania de grandeur.

Erroneous and haughty notions.

From the moment Veratrum has decided that he should face his fate with a selfish, egocentric attitude, defiantly assuming his evil doings, Veratrum will become an evil person. Evil in the broad sense of the word, someone attached to money, with an incontrollable sexual appetite, full of greed and ambition. He despairs for a high position in society. He is rude toward the others, impatient, always prone to scold and be censorious. But we should not forget that - what the proving is showing - is someone now feeling and acting that way, through an insane way of behavior. Could we suppose that - that mental picture also fits the common man?

Very lively, eccentric, excessively joyful, 

Irritable, inclined to be vexed with every interruption at work.. 

Attacks of rage with swearing; inclination to run away. 

Persistent raging, with great heat of body. 

Cursing and howling all night. 

Curses all night and complains of stupid feeling with headache and ptyalism.

Roaring and raving, five men could scarcely control her; tears her clothes; pale distorted features; look threatening, wild; hair disheveled; utters sounds more like a beast than a human being; bites, strikes about her, spits; body in constant swaying motion; murmurs and groans; takes no notice of questions; eats nothing; quite sleepless. 

Assuming his sins and wrong doings, Veratrum now is free for bad behavior. He is not guilt anymore. His insanity now has turned itself into violence. He is violent with the others. Restless, talkative, ill-humored.

Constant talking, wild expression of eye, constant smiling, at times loud laughter; distorts face and repulses anyone approaching him; will answer no question; runs behind table and scolds; refuses food.

He says nothing except when irritated, and then he scolds. 

Constant talking, wild expression of eye, constant smiling, at times loud laughter; distorts face and repulses anyone approaching him; will answer no question; runs behind table and scolds; refuses food.

Vexation from the slightest cause, with anxiety and palpitation, with rapid, audible respiration, 

He says nothing except when irritated, and then he scolds, 

Irritable, inclined to be vexed with every interruption at work. 

Cannot endure to have anyone speak to him],

A tendency to violent outbreaks, desire to strike those about him.

He seeks out faults in others and contemplates them, 

As we could see, there are two different ways of behavior present in the proving and in the clinical symptoms present in the MM. But there is also present a mixture of the two or even - an alternation. There is one religious violent person, who turns against himself his own rage. Probably this is the stage when a doctor will assume that his patient had gone mad. Most of the related clinical cases show that stage.

Suicidal tendency from religious despair. 

Exhorts to repent, preaches, howls, sings obscene songs, exposes the person. 

Mania: (…) religious or amorous; (…)

Cursing and howling all night and complaining of being stupid, with headache and salivation, 

In childbed: impudent behavior; nymphomania; exhaustion 

Mania puerperalis, wants to kiss everybody; religious; despairs of her salvation. Eclampsia parturientium; pallor, collapse, anemia or violent cerebral congestion, with bloated face, wild shrieks, tearing clothing.

Kent: Young girls go on for years with menstrual difficulties, and preceding each menstrual nisus is a state of despair; never smiles, the world seems blue, everything is dark; these are preparing for a marked state of insanity.

Veratrum is a remedy that would keep many women out of the insane asylum, especially those with uterine troubles. Girls at puberty suffer with dysmenorrhoea, hysterical mental states, diarrhea, and vomiting. During the menses they become cold as death, lips blue, extremities cold and blue, dreadful pains, sensation of sinking, mania to kiss everybody, hysteria with coldness at the menstrual period, copious sweat, vomiting, and diarrhoea, etc.

A woman, æt. 36, has lectrophilie, red burning face, anxiety, hopelessness, despair, continual moaning and screaming without a cause; does not eat or drink, is sleepless; brought on by sexual excitement. 

Mania: with desire to cut and tear everything, especially clothes; with lewdness and lascivious talk; religious or amorous.

Nymphomania, with violence and destructiveness; had been disappointed in love; melancholia; at times loquacious; great desire for sexual intercourse; void of shame; obscenity; very troublesome, requiring close confinement; had been confined a year in an asylum. 

Religious melancholy or nymphomania, with desire to embrace everybody, even inanimate objects; much thirst for very cold water; constantly craving cool and refreshing things. θ Puerperal mania. 

Nymphomania: before menses; from unsatisfied passion or mental causes; puerperal mania; violent and destructive, loquacious; from disappointed love; during confinement.

Roaring and raving, five men could scarcely control her; tears her clothes; pale distorted features; look threatening, wild; hair dishevelled; utters sounds more like a beast than a human being; bites, strikes about her, spits; body in constant swaying motion; murmurs and groans; takes no notice of questions; eats nothing; quite sleepless. 

Mania: with desire to cut and tear everything, especially clothes; with lewdness and lascivious talk.

Religiosity and sexuality, pray and course, apparently opposite feelings, are all mixed up in the Veratrum album patient. Such violent turmoil can bring even physical symptoms, convulsions, and neurological states.

Extreme collapse, coldness of surface, clammy sweat, pale face, sunken eyes, great thirst vomiting and purging of almost colorless fluid; feeling of intense weakness.

Convulsions: puerperal; caused by religious excitement; hysterical; of children; anxiety, pale face, cold sweat on forehead; cough before or after; syncope after spasms; with cyanosis.

Cannot dress herself; constant twitches and silly motions; legs twitch even in sleep; cannot walk; vomits food; cries at least trifles. 

Cold as ice; breath cold; tongue cold; great weakness; distorted face; expression of terror. θ Shock from injury. 

Paralysis: after cholera; from debilitating losses.

 She claps her hands over her head and sings, with cough and very tenacious mucus in the chest.

And in the end, the Veratrum album patient is about of been taken. In his delusions, Veratrum believes that it’s time for him now to be carried back to the place that he belongs. And some people are here, to take him away.

Dream that he was violently pursued. 

Dreams: of being drowned; of being bitten by a dog and cannot escape; of being hunted; of robbers, with frightened awaking and a fixed idea that dream is true.

Frightful anxious dreams at night, for example, that a dog was biting him, and he could not get away. 

Kent:… imagines the world is on fire

For six days no sleep, sees people about her constantly, speaks to them; cries out; sings; knows nobody, takes no notice of anything; laughs frequently; does not answer when talked to; wants nothing; passes urine and feces unconsciously; no heat of face; pulse regular; confined two weeks previously.

After a severe illness, aversion to husband and children; desire to leave house; hallucinations, room appeared full of people, crowding in where there was no longer room; each apparition personating someone in particular, and keeping her company for hours; she would both see and converse with forms sitting beside her, nor could she always distinguish semblance from reality. 

A crippled girl fell down suddenly in convulsions, was brought to bed and had a shaking chill; sat up in semiconscious state, refusing assistance, food or drink; anxiety with groaning and sighing all night long; chides her father for taking part in revolution; thinks she hears drum which proclaims his execution; this is followed by silent brooding and occasional starts; menses checked, abdomen tense, face pale, arms cold, eyes fixed with contracted pupils; pulse slow and almost imperceptible.

Groups in Veratrum alb.

Allen, Hering & Kent

Dr. Claudio C. Araujo MD, FFHom. (Lon.)

Kent: A few such remedies would empty our insane asylums, especially of recent cases. Insanity is curable if there are no incurable results of disease. Insane people are not hopeless, those approaching insanity are but after they become insane, they think that everybody is crazy except themselves. Those bowed down by great grief and despair are likely to go into a state of violent mania. Veratrum carries them through the state of despair.

Humor

[He sings and trills very joyously at night], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Joyfulness, sharpness of mind, [17]. [Not found. -Hughes.] 

Very lively, eccentric, excessively joyful, [1]. 

Talkative], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Anxiety

Anxiety, [23], [25], [26], [27]. 

Great anguish, [43]. 

Anxiety and Vertigo, [19]. 

Anxiety causing crawling in the fingers, [1].

Extreme anxiety taking away the breath, [1]. 

Great anxiety in the morning, [19]. 

[Anxiety, screaming and running about], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Great anxiety through the whole night, [19]. 

Extreme anxiety in the evening and after dinner, so that he did not know whither (to were) he should turn, [3], [19]. 

Anxiety as from a bad conscience, as if he had committed a crime, [1]. 

Anxiety as if he dreaded a misfortune, as if some evil were impending, [1]. 

(Anxiety after going to bed in the evening, lasting until almost midnight, with waking coma, and drawing movement in the abdomen, which causes roaring in the head), [1]. 

He is utterly unable to rise for eight hours, is obliged to either sit or lie; if he stands he is tormented by the most frightful anxiety, wherewith the forehead becomes covered with cold sweat, and he becomes sick even to vomiting (after three hours), [6]. 

Anxiety with fear of apoplexy during an evacuation of the bowels, [1].

Nightly anxiety and sleeplessness. 

Sleep with heavy dreams, with great effort and great anxiety, with perspiration at night (third day), [34b]. 

Sleep interrupted by anxiety and emotional disturbances, with complaints that the blood burns in all the veins, especially of the head, and of a spasm rising from the chest to the throat, with special heat of the head and hands; the heat and anxiety disappeared in the open air, and was followed by frequent yawning, [19]. 

Unable to rise for eight hours, obliged to either sit or lie; if he stands he is tormented by fearful anxiety, wherewith forehead becomes covered with cold sweat and he becomes sick to vomiting. 


Depressed, inconsolable

She is inconsolable over a fancied misfortune, runs about the room howling and screaming, looking upon the ground, or sits brooding in the corner, wailing and weeping in an inconsolable manner; worse in the evening; sleeps only till 2 o'clock,

Alternation of laughing and moaning. 

Mild despondent mood, even to weeping (after twenty-four hours), [1].

Melancholia, with chilliness, as if dashed with cold water, and with frequent qualmishness, 1.

Depression of spirits, despondency and discouragement, with involuntary weeping and running of tears from the eyes, and inclination to hang the head, [1]. 

Mood gloomy, depressed, can scarcely talk (fifth day), [34].

Whining during sleep, [1].

Depression and despondency. 

Restlessness

Constant change of position at night, no sleep, though the feet were warm; after awhile the knees began to be cold; about 10 o'clock a drawing in the legs began, followed by cold creeping as from snow-water, from the knees down to the feet, with great restlessness till 3 o'clock; in the morning only two hours of restless sleep (fifth day), [34]. 

Restless, dreamy sleep (seventh day), [34b]. 

Sleep restless, from 12 to 3 o'clock, then pain in the shoulder (sixth night), [34]. 

Restless mood, oppression and anxiety (after one hour), [2]. 

Loquacity

Loquacity, he talks rapidly. 

Constant talking, wild expression of eye, constant smiling, at times loud laughter; distorts face and repulses any one approaching him; will answer no question; runs behind table and scolds; refuses food.

Ill-humor

Ill-humor (first day), [34a]. 

Ill-humored when provoked (after four hours), [1]. 

He says nothing except when irritated, and then he scolds, [1]. 

Irritable, inclined to be vexed with every interruption at work (sixth day), [34a]. 

Ill-humor in the forenoon; no inclination to work (seventh day), [34]. 

He becomes very peevish, every trifle excites him (after one hour),  

Vexation from the slightest cause, with anxiety and palpitation, with rapid, audible respiration,. 

Rage

Rage, with great heat of body; eats his own feces. 

Attacks of rage with swearing; inclination to run away. 

Persistent raging, with great heat of body. 

Kent: The mental symptoms are marked by violence and destructiveness; he wants to destroy, to tear something; he tears the clothes from the body.

Silence

Disposed to silence, or to talk about faults of others; if irritated scolding and calling names.

Taciturn; disinclined to talk, except in delirium. 

Melancholy, head hangs down, sits brooding in silence.

Taciturnity, it vexes him to speak a word, talking is very irksome; he speaks in a low and weak voice, [5]. 

Indifference

A certain indifference all day, so that he frequently rubs the forehead in order to think clearly and to collect his thoughts, [2]. 

Indifferent, depressed mood, irritated by every work which does not go to suit him, with weakness (second day), [34b]. 

With Oneself

Is conscious only as in a dream. 

Never speaks the truth; does not know herself what she is saying.

Attempts a great many things, but accomplishes nothing.

Religious despair

Suicidal tendency from religious despair.

Kent: Exalted state of religious frenzy, believes he is the risen Christ, screams and screeches (guinchos) until he is blue in the face; head cold as ice, cold sweat, reaches out and exhorts to repentance. 

Exhorts to repent, preaches, howls, sings obscene songs, exposes the person. 

Talks much on religious subjects; praying; is overconscientious. 

Sleeplessness; face distorted; cries; prays, says it is a secret and a misfortune; refuses to talk, only motions with hands; turns hands around in a circle, saying she must strengthen herself, and then motions become more violent; complains of dust in throat; imagines herself in heaven talking with God. θ Mania. 

Slight delirium; coldness over whole body, open eyes, with cheerful, sometimes laughing expression; prattles about religious subjects and about vows to be performed, prays, believes that he is not in his own house. 

Mania: (…) religious or amorous; (…)

Despair of her salvation; with suppressed catamenia. 

Insanity

He groans, is beside himself; does not know what to do with himself (after two or three hours), [1]. 

Cursing and howling all night. 

Curses all night and complains of stupid feeling with headache and ptyalism.

Roaring and raving, five men could scarcely control her; tears her clothes; pale distorted features; look threatening, wild; hair dishevelled; utters sounds more like a beast than a human being; bites, strikes about her, spits; body in constant swaying motion; murmurs and groans; takes no notice of questions; eats nothing; quite sleepless. 

Mania: with desire to cut and tear everything, especially clothes; with lewdness and lascivious talk;

[Delirium, he thinks that he is a hunter], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Distinguished

[He imagines that he is a prince and behaves in a very haughty manner], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Thinks himself distinguished; squanders his money; proud of his position. 

Consequences of injured pride or honor. θ Insanity. θ Hysteria.

Erroneous and haughty notions.

(…) mania de grandeur.

Despair about his position in society, feels very unlucky. 


Fear, frightened

Fear and anxiety; fear takes breath away. 

Fearfulness: starts; with running about and shouting. 

Anxious, restless, easily frightened, whining, weeping, apathetic, delirium, blue face. θ Typhoid.

Cold sweat on forehead, with anguish and fear of death. 

Kent: Fear and the effects of fear; fear of death and of being damned;

After fright: fear, anxiety; coldness; fainting; involuntary diarrhœa.

[Fearful and easily startled], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Loss of courage, despair, [1]. 

Despair; hopelessness, loss of courage.

Despair of his recovery; attempts suicide. θ Mania.

Anxiety as from a bad conscience, as if he had committed a crime.

Anxiety as after committing an evil deed, < evening and after dinner.

Sensation in his whole being as if he were gradually nearing his end, though with tranquility, [1]. 

With the Others

For six days no sleep; sees people about her constantly, speaks to them; cries out; sings; knows nobody, takes no notice of anything; laughs frequently; does not answer when talked to; wants nothing; passes urine and feces unconsciously; no heat of face; pulse regular; confined two weeks previously. 

After a severe illness, aversion to husband and children; desire to leave house; hallucinations, room appeared full of people, crowding in where there was no longer room; each apparition personating some one in particular, and keeping her company for hours; she would both see and converse with forms sitting beside her, nor could she always distinguish semblance from reality. 

A crippled girl fell down suddenly in convulsions, was brought to bed and had a shaking chill; sat up in semiconscious state, refusing assistance, food or drink; anxiety with groaning and sighing all night long; chides* her father for taking part in revolution; thinks she hears drum which proclaims his execution; this is followed by silent brooding and occasional starts; menses checked, abdomen tense, face pale, arms cold, eyes fixed with contracted pupils; pulse slow and almost imperceptible.

[He does not recognize his relatives], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Dream that he was violently pursued, [1]. 

He says nothing except when irritated, and then he scolds, [1]. 

Irritable, inclined to be vexed with every interruption at work (sixth day), [34a]. 

Cannot endure to have any one speak to him], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

A tendency to violent outbreaks, desire to strike those about him.

He seeks out faults in others and contemplates them, [1]. 

Cannot bear to be left alone.

Vivid anxious dream of robbers; he awoke with fright, and then believed that his dream was a reality, [1]. 

With the Environment

A desire to wander about house. θ Hysteria. 

Chases his family out of house; declares the sun travels around the earth; fear of death, restlessness, despair; foolish actions.

Complete sleeplessness; talks constantly; on hearing any sound, as striking of clock, etc., becomes wild, dances about, must be held; rapid speech. 

Slight delirium; coldness over the whole body with open eyes, with cheerful, at times laughing expression, he prattles about religious subjects and about vows to be performed, prays, believes that he is not in his own house (after one hour), [1]. 

Dreams: of being drowned; of being bitten by a dog and cannot escape; of being hunted; of robbers, with frightened awaking and a fixed idea that dream is true.

Frightful anxious dreams at night, for example, that a dog was biting him, and he could not get away, [2]. 

Kent: (…) imagines the world is on fire (…)

Work

When he is busy his head is freer, but when he has nothing to do he seems dazed, cannot easily think, is quiet and absorbed in himself (after two and fifteen hours), [3].

Busy restlessness, he undertakes several things, but is always soon weary and accomplishes nothing, [5]. 

Oversensitiveness; increased mental power, [1]. 

Inclination and desire to work, [1]. 

Kent: Always wants to be busy, to carry on his daily work. A cooper who was suffering from the Veratrum insanity would pile up chairs on top of one another. When asked what he was doing, he replied that he was piling up staves (táboas, ripas). When not occupied with this he was tearing his clothes, or praying for hours on his knees, and so loud that he could be heard blocks away.

Ill-humor in the forenoon; no inclination to work (seventh day), [34]. 

Disinclined to think, answers with difficulty, cannot apprehend answers (second day), 

He cannot get on with mental work; there is very soon a loss of ideas, [5]. 

Female Sexuality

A woman, æt. 36, has lectrophilie, red burning face, anxiety, hopelessness, despair, continual moaning and screaming without a cause; does not eat or drink, is sleepless; brought on by sexual excitement. 

Mania: with desire to cut and tear everything, especially clothes; with lewdness and lascivious talk; religious or amorous;

Nymphomania, with violence and destructiveness; had been disappointed in love; melancholia; at times loquacious; great desire for sexual intercourse; void of shame; obscenity; very troublesome, requiring close confinement; had been confined a year in an asylum. 

Religious melancholy or nymphomania, with desire to embrace everybody, even inanimate objects; much thirst for very cold water; constantly craving cool and refreshing things. θ Puerperal mania. 

Nymphomania: before menses; from unsatisfied passion or mental causes; puerperal mania; violent and destructive, loquacious; from disappointed love; during confinement. 

Kisses everybody; before menses. 

Impudent behavior in childbed.

[She kisses everybody that comes in her way, before the menses], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Metritis, with fits of vomiting, delirium, anxiety, and diarrhœa; body hot, limbs cold.

Puerperal mania and convulsions, with violent cerebral congestion; bluish and bloated face; protruded eyes; wild shrieks, with disposition to bite and tear. 


She imagines that she has labor pains], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

She fancies herself pregnant], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

[She expects a speedy parturition], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Fancies herself pregnant, or that she will be delivered soon; that she is in throes of childbirth. θ Hysterical mania. 


Kent: Young girls go on for years with menstrual difficulties, and preceding each menstrual nisus is a state of despair; never smiles, the world seems blue, everything is dark; these are preparing for a marked state of insanity.

Veratrum is a remedy that would keep many women out of the insane asylum, especially those with uterine troubles. Girls at puberty suffer with dysmenorrhoea, hysterical mental states, diarrhea, and vomiting. During the menses they become cold as death, lips blue, extremities cold and blue, dreadful pains, sensation of sinking, mania to kiss everybody, hysteria with coldness at the menstrual period, copious sweat, vomiting, and diarrhoea, etc.

A girl, æt. 19, ailing for several years; almost constant headache; scanty and delayed menses; several months ago suddenly attacked with hemeralopia* some six or eight days before her menstrual period, every afternoon toward sundown, increased as night came on; then could not see anything, consequently could not walk out of doors, was unable to discern things only when quite near candlelight; also in morning for half an hour after waking, sight was deficient; dizziness in head, as if all blood were mounting into head; menses delayed as usual some two or three weeks, when they finally came, was seized as often before, with vomiting and purging, lasting until flow was fully established; at other times constipated, passage only every three days of round, hard, black lumps; monthly discharges always scanty, partly fluid, partly clotted; never lasting over two days; during period headache much more severe; felt so weak she had to lie down.

*In hemeralopia, daytime vision gets worse, characterised by photoaversion (dislike/avoidance of light) rather than photophobia(eye discomfort/pain in light) which is typical of inflammations of eye. Nighttime vision largely remains unchanged due to the use of rods as opposed to cones (during the day), which are affected by hemeralopia and in turn degrade the daytime optical response.

PREGNANCY. PARTURITION. LACTATION.

During pregnancy: wants to wander about house; taciturn; haughty; thirsty; vomiting; wants everything cold; craving for acids and salt food; canine hunger; feels very weak and faint; cramp in extremities, with cold perspiration; hardness of feces and inactive rectum. 

In childbed: impudent behavior; nymphomania; exhaustion 

Mania puerperalis, wants to kiss everybody; religious; despairs of her salvation. 
Eclampsia parturientium; pallor, collapse, anemia or violent cerebral congestion, with bloated face, wild shrieks, tearing clothing.

Intellectual

Loss of ideas, [1]. 

Memory leaves him, [1]. 

[Almost complete loss of memory, he forgets the word he was about to speak], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Stupidity, difficulty of thought, distraction (first day), [34b]. 

Almost complete loss of senses, [31]. 

His reason leaves him, [1]. 

Neurological

Stupid from excess in alcoholic drinks.

Delirium: religious or exalted; heavy, soporous sleep; restless, thirsty, cramps in legs, cold sweat, tingling; irregular pulse; in cerebro-spinal meningitis.

Persistent raging with great heat of the body, [19].

[Rages, tears his clothes and does not talk], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.]

[Swallows his own fæces], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.]

[Bites his shoe and swallows the pieces], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.]

[Stamps his feet, with loss of appetite], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] [10.] 

[He is very noisy, tries to escape, and can scarcely be held back], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Cursing and howling all night and complaining of being stupid, with headache and salivation, [19]. 

[He thinks that he is dumb and blind, and has a cancer], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.]

[Screaming and running about, with paleness of the face and fear], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

[Frequent paroxysms of running about the room till sinking down], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] [20.] 

[Screaming and running about, with dark-blue face], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

[She claps her hands over her head and sings, with cough and very tenacious mucus in the chest], [19]. [Bracket. -Hughes.] 

Stupefaction, [45]. 

Loss of consciousness, [35], [47]. 

Waking coma; one eye is open, the other closed or half open, and frequent starting up as if frightened (after half an hour), [1].

Is conscious only as in a dream, [1].

Generals

Nervous, as if she would have to fly away. 


Faintness faints from least exertion or from slight pain. 

Rapid sinking of forces; complete prostration; cold sweat and cold breath; collapse. 

General debility, with blue hands and cold feet. 

Excessive weakness; is obliged to move very slowly; so weak she can hardly raise her hand, and every motion seems to increase debility; even a movement of bowels causes great debility; very weak, almost imperceptible pulse; cold sweat, particularly on forehead; thirst for icy-cold water. 

Sudden sinking of strength.

Must lie down; anguish; cold sweat on forehead when he rises.

Extreme collapse, coldness of surface, clammy sweat, pale face, sunken eyes, great thirst vomiting and purging of almost colorless fluid; feeling of intense weakness. Chronic weakness; trembling of whole body.

Convulsions: puerperal; caused by religious excitement; hysterical; of children; anxiety, pale face, cold sweat on forehead; cough before or after; syncope after spasms; with cyanosis.

Cannot dress herself; constant twitches and silly motions; legs twitch even in sleep; cannot walk; vomits food; cries at least trifles.

Cold as ice; breath cold; tongue cold; great weakness; distorted face; expression of terror. θ Shock from injury.

Paralysis: after cholera; from debilitating losses.